America's nonprofit organizations are often referred to as the independent sector, the voluntary sector, or the third sector of U.S. society. As a CPA and former practitioner, I have met with many individuals who desired to start a nonprofit organization, invoking the principles of voluntarism. Hope springs eternal with those who have a dream to start a nonprofit to provide service.
This enthusiasm and vision to help others spawns about 80,000 new applications for tax-exempt status each year. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) approves about three out of every four applications or 60,000 each year.
Terminology. Understanding the nonprofit terminology is a good starting point. You will often see the term "not-for-profit" used in reference to nonprofit organizations. This does not mean the nonprofit organization cannot be profitable (have more revenue than expenses). Rather, a nonprofit organization ideally would have at least a nominal profit as it will use profits to continue its mission. The term "not-for-profit" is a proper term for an activity engaged in without a profit motive, such as a hobby, where the related expenses are not deductible as business expense as contrasted with "for-profit" organizations, who distribute profits to the owners.
Purpose. In order for an organization to be classified as a nonprofit entity, its purpose must be primarily related to qualified charitable or educational endeavors. The essence of a nonprofit is to carry on an activity because it is important, and not as a means of generating profits for investors (as with a for-profit organization). This does not mean that a nonprofit organization cannot hire people and pay them for their work, or that it must operate at a loss. Any surplus gained should generate more "good works."
There are different categories of nonprofit organizations with different treatment, privileges and obligations under the Internal Revenue Code (Code). To qualify for a Federal Tax exemption, your organization must be organized for one or more of the purposes specifically designated in the Code. A few major distinctions are outlined below: